International News

Not a word has filtered out of the conversation between Nicolas Sarkozy and PSA boss Philippe Varin. For nearly an hour, the two men met at the Elysee about the factory in Aulnay-sous-Bois in Seine Saint-Denis. The future of this plant, which employs over 3,300 people, would be threatened, unions fear. The presidency as the automotive group has declined to comment on leaving the meeting.

Nicolas Sarkozy wanted to convince Philippe Varin to organize a roundtable discussion with unions and industry minister, Eric Besson, "next week" to discuss the future of the site. A request of the unions, the president-candidate met Thursday at his campaign headquarters.

"All done" to save the plant

Nicolas Sarkozy said on Friday, on the antenna of i-TV: he will "do anything to save this plant." For him, it must "ease the burden on the wages of employees and the contributions of the company." He recalled that the business tax that has weighed deleted "250 euro per car manufactured in France." "It's fine to say that the cars must be manufactured in France, but if you put on in France making more taxes than elsewhere, there is a relocation," he concluded.

The unions said they were somewhat reassured after their head to head with Nicolas Sarkozy business cards design. "The words we hear a lot, but the words fly away, we want it written guarantees, said Jean-Pierre Mercier, the CGT. We play our skin. "And not just employees of PSA 9000 with direct and indirect jobs, PSA Aulnay is one of the largest employers in Seine-Saint-Denis, according to the General Council.

The record of the Aulnay plant is back on center stage last weekend. The unions had then expressed their disappointment after a meeting between employee representatives and management organized by the prefect of Seine Saint-Denis. But the concern of unions as of June 2011 and the disclosure of internal working documents of the automaker speculating a closure of Aulnay. Unions fear that the decline in production will continue and lead eventually to a cessation of activity on this site.

"We want to continue working"

In recent months the government has stepped up operations in the industrial thorny issues. Latest success, the recovery of the carrier Sernam by Geodis. In the case of Peugeot, the unions are skeptical, as expressed by Jean-Pierre Mercier Thursday: "We all know that the management of Peugeot expects the presidential and legislative elections to officially announce the closure of this factory, we are unwilling not die, we want to continue working. "

To guard against the resurgence of robberies and burglaries, petty traders are increasingly likely to opt for these cases of a new genus. Invented some twenty years in Sweden, one in 3000 has settled in France. Since banks and hypermarkets are equipped with powerful anti-theft devices to protect themselves, offenders are folded over the shops, where people pay in cash.

According to the Confederation of tobacconists, which represents 28,000 professionals in France, 1,176 tobacconists have been leveled at their institution at least once in 2011. With 95% of payments made in cash and hundreds of transactions per day, bakeries are also at the forefront.

This benefits two leading suppliers of anti-steering boxes, Swedish and German CashGuard Wincor Nixdorf, which both claim the leading position in France. CashGuard has already installed 687 systems in France, with 170 orders for the first half of 2012, according to Laurent Jamin, director of the French subsidiary of the company while Wincor Nixdorf, associated with the French Gervais WTO celebrated in Paris in mid-December the hundredth bakery equipped its devices.

More efficient, hygienic

These boxes which have the appearance of a large piggy bank are placed on the counter or directly integrated into the cash desk. And calculates the machine makes the currency in a time close to the second. The principle is simple: once the price announced by the merchant, the customer slips his coins in a slot or a note inserted in a swallower that detects and filters out spurious, all landing in a sealed box quick payday loan.

In addition to safety, this system has the advantage of eliminating any errors in cash and allow an immediate calculation of the recipe. The currency board is closed, no employee has access to cash which prevents internal theft faced by all traders. They generally find an increase in their sales after the installation of these machines. These boxes are also hygienic: the sellers no longer have to handle cash and food. If these smart boxes and inviolable may discourage some robbers, they have a cost. With the purchase, depending on the model and the management software you choose, it takes between 20,000 and 25,000 euros while in rent, the daily cost between 20 and 30 euros.

For Carole Poulain, who owns a bakery in the 15th arrondissement of Paris, this device has made an improvement in the management of his business every day. But the customers they meet there? "If initial attempts are a little hesitant, customers get used to it and take the hand" recognizes the owner. This new automated payment system does not, however, unanimously, some recalcitrant regretting the loss of human exchange in favor of technology.

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The French are discouraged before they even take steps to resolve a dispute. It is thought that nine out of ten surveyed by Ipsos for the first edition of the barometer Axa legal protection. Justice remains an unknown for most of them: 80% do not know who to turn to know their rights, and 97% believe that the justice system is difficult to understand.

Worse, seven out of ten French think they have no financial means to defend themselves. Godsend for the legal protection insurers, which offer information in their contracts, and if necessary support – within limits – of legal fees. According to the Ministry of Justice, the cost of resolving a dispute is on average 200 euros for the costs of bailiff, 500 euros for an amicable and 1500 euros to cover attorney fees for a procedure .

Family, an area seldom covered by insurance

The French think that the main sources of conflict are employment, housing and the Internet. In fact, the most common disputes relate primarily to the housing (25%), led by neighborhood problems and relations between landlord and tenant, and Internet purchases (24%). Relations with the employer is not a priority (23%).

Numerous disputes also affect the field of family (divorce, inheritance …). But legal protection insurers rarely venture in this field. Axa Protection legal disputes of this nature are supported only if the client has signed the contract the more upscale, costing between 140 and 300 euros per year, much higher than a domestic contract classic (63 euros per year).

The insurer, like others, offers customers a hotline: a lawyer tells them about their rights and answered their questions. This service receives 175,000 calls a year. The insurer sees submit 36,000 new claims per year, most amicably resolved.

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Since the tsunami of 11 March and the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the Japanese atomic reactors were arrested, one after the other to be auscultated. Today, on the fifty-four boilers that supplied 28% of electricity in the Archipelago, only two work. And they should, they also stop in April to be tested for safety.

The streets of Tokyo shine though all their neon lights, and the life of the megalopolis of 35 million people saw the usual pace of its thousands of trains daily. Certainly, the corridors of Meti, the Ministry of Economy, are left in the dark, for an example. But the great campaign to save energy this summer ended.

This return to almost normal life despite the closure of fifty-two reactors, Japan pays a high price. Imports of oil and gas only for rotating thermal power plants in 2011 jumped by 77% and 18%. For the first time in thirty-one years, Japan had a trade deficit in 2011, 24 billion euros. And began the year with a record monthly deficit of 15 billion euros for the month of January, dug by the price of crude.

In this context, the government and power companies do not hide their desire: to restart nuclear plants faster. Large industrial fear a surge in the cost per kilowatt hour are pushing in this direction. The electrician Tepco, which operated the plant in Fukushima Daiichi and navigates to the brink of bankruptcy, announced an increase in its rates 17% for its major customers.

Restart nuclear facilities, just a year after the nuclear accident which forced 100,000 people to evacuate contaminated area? "For the Japanese, it's almost existential debate," says a French expert on energy, visiting Tokyo. The surveys that follow indicate that the majority of the population wants a nuclear phase-out.

Breach of trust

Reflecting Yuichiro Yonei, student 23 years specializing in energy met at the University of Tsukuba, who lived on March 11 as "a break" pay day loans. The young man, who no longer has confidence in the government's word on disaster management Fukushima, became antinuclear. Many young people who share his position on social networks come to sign the petitions in the tent erected militants since the fall before the Ministry of Economy.

The government Yoshihiko Noda walking on eggshells. It will not go into force. Formally, it does not need the green light of regional governors, elected, but nevertheless takes shelter behind them. To restore confidence, after pointing a report of TEPCO and failures of government, the government is reforming the nuclear safety authority, discredited.

Sixteen reactors only have registered for "stress test". Two of them, Ohi 3 and 4, have been deemed suitable by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and could be the first to restart.

The government plans to present in June or July of its energy strategy for the coming years. "We must remove our dependence on nuclear power and build medium to long term a company that will not have to rely on this energy," said the Prime Minister Noda Saturday.

By the summer season of peak power consumption due to the massive use of air conditioning, the Japanese will have to make tough choices: restart their nuclear reactors or pay the current high price; suffer outages new current or reduce their consumption of 10 to 15%.

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The Paris Stock Exchange began the week in the red, as at the close Friday. The CAC 40 plunges 2.28% to 2 914.30 points in mid-session. The debt crisis continues because of European concern the markets, and lead the outlook for global growth. The fear of lead and impact in China Asian stock markets are in the red Monday morning, dropping the Hong Kong Stock Exchange by almost 5%.

Elsewhere in Europe, falling 2.03% London, Frankfurt and Madrid 2.54% 2.34% 1.75% and Milan.

Greece announced Sunday night that it would lack its budget deficit targets. The second Country Assistance Plan will be on the menu for more discussion this week: Monday, finance ministers of the euro area will meet in Luxembourg to 17 pm and Tuesday, those of the entire European Union.This will then be the turn of the Franco-German Nicolas Sarkozy said he expected to meet German Chancellor Angela Merkel "in the coming days in Germany" to discuss in particular "ways and means to accelerate economic integration the euro area ".

The private sector activity in the euro area at its lowest for 25 months

Also note, the new car registrations in France are divided down in September after the brief respite in August, returning to the trend observed since the disappearance of the scrapping, according to figures released Monday.They were down 1.4% unadjusted and 1.4% also comparable number of working days from September 2010 to 167,600 units, according to the Committee of French Automobile Manufacturers (CCFA).

The private sector activity contracted in September in the euro area, the PMI purchasing managers' standing at 48.5 points against 50.7 in August, according to a second estimate released Monday. This is the index the lowest in 25 months, Markit said the company, which publishes the index.

In this context, oil prices have opened lower. A barrel of "light sweet crude" for November delivery lost 50 cents to 78.70 dollars in early electronic trading.A barrel of Brent North Sea crude for November delivery gave up 77 cents to 101.99 dollars.

As for currencies, the euro lost ground and is worth 1.3315 dollars and 102.6 yen, against more than 104 yen in the middle of last week.

Dexia degraded by Moody's

The title of the Franco-Belgian bank collapsed Monday in the Paris Stock Exchange, after rating agency Moody's Investors Service had threatened to lower its rating, because of fears about its liquidity personal loan for poor credit. In early trading, the value lost 11.54% to 1.28 euro, after being briefly suspended for dropping too fast to open.Halfway through it limited its losses slightly receding 8.78% to 1.32 euros.

In the wake of Dexia, BNP Paribas let go just under 6% in mid-session, Credit Agricole and Societe Generale 4.9% near 6.5%.

AXA (-4.14% to 9.49 euros)

The first offers for Axa Privaty Equity (AXA PE), the division of equity sold by Axa, must be filed early next week, according to sources familiar with the matter.

Renault (-2.67% to 24.40 euros)

The group announced Saturday the construction of a new plant in Brazil and the expansion of another existing site to boost its presence in the fourth global automotive market.

France Telecom (-2.24% to 12.02 euros)

European Commissioner Neelie Kroes digital strategy is expected to announce on Monday that the EU wants to reduce the revenue that incumbents derive copper telecommunications networks to boost investment in fiber optics.

Air France-KLM (-3.28% to 5.36 euros)

Alexander Juniac could take the management of Air France in January in favor of a reorganization of the Air France KLM with Pierre-Henri Gourgeon retain the reins, according to La Tribune published on Monday.

Steria (-3.96% to 12.14 euros)

The computer services company was awarded a public contract with the French Ministry of Budget, Public Accounts, the Civil Service and State Reform, to ensure the implementation of the Information System (HRIS) to several departments that will ultimately pay more than 3 million employees of state.

Hermes (-4.23% to 216.30 euros)

The group currently finds no sign of spending restraint to its customers despite a darkening economic outlook, said Sunday the manager of the French luxury group on the fringes of Paris Fashion Week.

Carmat (18.20% to 102.82 euros)

The designer of the total artificial heart on Monday announced that preclinical data will be presented at the 25th Annual Congress of the European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery in Lisbon on October 4.

The damage is limited. After the first weekend after the degradation of the sovereign rating of the United States by Standard's and Poor's, the world was afraid to wake up on Monday on a stock market crash. Certainly, Asian stock markets, first to start the week and give the trend, showing all this morning a marked decline of more than 2%. But the risk of a crash seems for the moment excluded.

More than 48 hours after the announcement that shook the world's largest economy, Asian investors have been partially sensitive to the political mobilization of the weekend, both of European leaders, who called for the adoption by the end of September pland the rescue of Greece on 21 July. But also that of the ECB, on Sunday night discussed a possible acquisition of Italian and Spanish debt, and the White House, which yesterday called for unity among Democrats and Republicans.

The yen is rebounding

Still, if the announcement of the degradation of the United States was somewhat expected in Asia, the timing chosen by Standard & Poor's has caught the markets, even after a weekend of reflection, continuing their descent into hell. In this context of concern about the state of European and American finance, the yen has tended to take some strength vis-à-vis the dollar and euro. Around 4 o'clock, Paris time, the dollar was worth around 78.05 yen and the euro hovered on the other hand around 111.90 yen, the two displayed small decline vis-à-vis the Japanese currency. A phenomenon still unfavorable export values.

In Tokyo, after opening down 1.40%, the Nikkei 225 blue chips of its losses widened in mid-session.The index fell by 2.17% to 9097.90 points, although the statement last night the Japanese Minister of Finance Yoshihiko Noda, who has maintained his confidence in the U.S. Treasury, and emphasized the mobilization of the European central bankers sign of awareness on the efforts to be undertaken.

Same phenomenon in other major Asian markets, but more amplified. China, which was very critical this weekend against the failure of U.S. lawmakers to find a long-term solution to their debt problems, the tooth was also harder on the markets: the Hang Seng Hong Kong picks up 4.12% on Monday morning at 20,082.80 points while the Chinese CSI 300 lost 3.51% to 2795.64 points. Beijing is by far the largest holder of U.S. debt in the world with 1.16 trillion dollars of U.S. Treasury bills in the drawers.

Elsewhere in Asia, all places show a sharp decline. The KRX South Korean loose 3.45% to 7581.86 points, while the S & P / ASX 200 Australian loses 2.14% to 4017.60 points. A Bonbay, the BSE Sensex was down 2.60% to 16,855.60 points. Finally in Singapore, the FTSE Straits shows the largest decline (-4.14%) to 2870.92 points.

Oil continues to tumble

Moreover, in this context very uncertain about the strength of economic recovery, oil prices continued their steep decline on Monday morning in electronic trading in Asia. A barrel of "light sweet crude" for September delivery lost 2.59 dollars to 84.29 dollars. That of Brent North Sea crude for September delivery fell by 2.48 dollars to 106.89 dollars.

At the same time, gold has gone through the roof of 1700 dollars to 1704 dollars an ounce on the market in Hong Kong.

As seen in Europe with a market recovery, the New York Stock Exchange opened up, boosted by a salvo of large U.S. companies results, mostly better than expected: the Dow Jones gained 0.56% and the Nasdaq 1 , 00%. By 1330 GMT, the Dow Jones Industrial Average garnering 69.67 points to 12,454.83 points and the Nasdaq, dominated by technology, to 2792.75 points 27.64 points. On Monday, the New York Stock Exchange finished down.

Investors are increasingly anxious about the lack of progress on issues of public debt, both in the United States and euro area. Caution should remain in force on Tuesday, while discussions continue on the debt in the U.S.. Democrats and Republicans fail to agree on raising the debt ceiling of the United States, despite calls for unity of President Barack Obama.Not surprisingly, Fitch Ratings has again threatened yesterday to place the note from the U.S. sovereign debt under review with negative implications if no agreement was reached on the issue.

In Europe, investors have not been convinced by the results of stress tests in Europe. They are now waiting for the meeting of Heads of States of the euro zone on Thursday to take stock of sovereign debt problems plaguing Europe. Greece and its possible failure to pay would lead the discussions.

Sign of the nervousness and uncertainty room, the price of gold, still flies from record to record. The yellow metal has risen this morning to more than 1610 dollars an ounce, down the day after the symbolic threshold of $ 1600.

The euro is rising against the dollar Tuesday, but traders remain cautious.Around 1300 GMT (1500 Paris), the single European currency traded at 1.4189 dollars against 1.4117 dollars around 2100 GMT Monday. The euro rose against the Japanese currency to 112.10 yen against 111.59 yen Monday. The dollar stabilized against the yen at 78.99 yen against 79.02 yen Monday.

Oil prices rebound sharply at the opening of the market in New York, trying to recover losses recorded the previous day against a backdrop of serious concerns about the economic consequences of debt problems in Europe and the United States. Around 1:15 p.m. GMT on the New York Mercantile Exchange (Nymex), a barrel of "light sweet crude" for August delivery traded at 97.53 dollars, up 1.60 dollars compared to the previous day. "These are discussions that take place within a limited range," commented Rich Ilczyszyn, Lind-Waldock.Le barrel had dropped $ 1.31 Monday.

On the macroeconomic front, investors will be watching especially housing starts and building permits in the United States. Two statistics that mark once.

Values ​​to follow

The side of values, after the close of Wall Street, several major groups have announced their quarterly results.

Pleasant surprise on the side of IBM rose 8% of its profits in the second quarter to 3.66 billion. The adjusted earnings per share was 3.09 dollars against 3.02 dollars expected by analysts. Turnover was up 12% to $ 26.7 billion against $ 25.4 billion expected. Please note, sales of servers rose 17% year on year to 4.7 billion. For the full year, IBM raised its forecast for earnings per share to 13.25 dollars against 13.15 dollars earlier. The title earns 3.01% to 180.55 dollars.

Always on the side of values, Cisco confirmed the elimination of 6,500 jobs to reduce production costs. The group is facing stiff competition, especially from China, the market for Internet routers. Price reductions are higher expectations. According to IDC, Cisco, which holds 64% market share, experienced a contraction of 16% of its sales of routers in value in the first quarter. The title earns 1.14% to 15.62 dollars.

In addition, the producer of fertilizer Mosaica announced a profit of 649.2 million dollars above expectations of analysts. Turnover was up 54% to $ 2.86 billion and also higher than expectations.Farmers' demand remains strong, particularly in wheat, and weather conditions have supported the group's sales.

For its part, the steel producer, Steel Dynamics (3.69% to $ 16) announced a profit of $ 98.7 million and a turnover of 2.08 billion, both higher expectations.

Also note, MSC Industrial Direct (0.72% to 65.84 dolars) has announced the acquisition of American Tool Supply and its subsidiary American Specialty Grinding without specifying the amount of the transaction.

According to the Financial Times, the fourth group HNA Group Air China would be the favorite to take over the subsidiary of General Electric GE SeaCo.

Moreover, according to Bloomberg AMR Corp (-0.61% to 4.88 dollars), the parent of American Airlines, could be divided between Airbus and Boeing single-aisle aircraft order it plans to spend.American Airlines is negotiating with manufacturers for the purchase of more than 250 aircraft.

The American insurance company AIG (0.83% to 27.88 dollars) study the stock market into a stake in its subsidiary, ILFC aircraft leasing, operation that could bring him back from 1.5 to 2 billion, reports the Wall Street Journal Monday.

The difference is certainly on the thickness of the line but it still twists his neck to popular belief. An evaluation of the Ministry of Labour with the redeployment of unemployed Le Figaro has obtained, employment center gets better results that private placement (OPP) to which the accompaniment of hundreds of thousands of job seekers job was outsourced. In other words, the public would be more effective than the private sector to find new jobs for the unemployed.

This assessment focuses on two categories of job seekers who have benefited, in November 2009 and March 2010, a reinforced support: the unemployed far removed from the market (long-term, seniors …) and CTP-fired economic CRP (devices for one year guaranteeing a subsidy equivalent to 80% of the last gross wage). Just under 5000 people were interviewed.In both cases, the rate of return to work thirteen months after the start of the support is higher for employment center.

47% of retrenched in CTP-CRP followed by public service employment benefit and employment (employed or not), against 43% for those followed by a private placement (employment agency, company … reclassification). Less than one in three point still unemployed after thirteen months, against 38% for a PPO. The private sector, which offers support more regular and reinforced, in the end proves better than the public service on one point: the rate of CDI won, higher than 5 points to the result displayed by employment center.

More CDI

The difference is greater for the second cohort of unemployed: the unemployed far removed from the labor market.49% are employed and thirteen months after the start of their employment center for support, against 43% for those followed by a PPO. Unlike the retrenched, the CDI rate is even higher in the public service (44% against 39%). Worse, the number of unemployed, thirteen months after the start of the accompaniment, are higher in PPOs (45% against 41%).

These results revive the controversy over the use of OPP – the cost of an unemployed investment returns twice as expensive (2200 euros on average per year, against 1100 at employment center) – to relieve the crews of the public service of employment in case of downturn. The popular option is to use only an "outsourcing of specialty", on a more targeted, less numerous and where the added value of OPP is proven. Should, in this case, review their terms of payment by paying more in income.PPOs now affecting half of their performance in support of an unemployed, 25% when in use and 25% if there is still six months later. The idea is often put forward to move to a 35% share in the care and placement for 65% effective (against today 50/50). A useful discussion since the OPP always accompany nearly 150,000 job seekers.

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While markets plunged Monday on fears of contagion from the debt crisis in Europe, central bankers in the euro area have tried to reassure. "This is to resist the risk of contagion" in Italy, which seems to be the new target markets, or to Spain, and "maintain financial stability in the euro area," said the head of the Eurogroup Jean-Claude Junker.

Thus, the finance ministers of the euro area, following a meeting that lasted nine hours Monday, were willing to increase the size of the Financial Assistance Fund, which has now a lending capacity 440 billion euros. They are also considering a "lengthening of maturities of loans" made to give more time to countries in difficulty to repay their debt and reduce interest rate loans to Greece.Other measures are also being considered to "improve the sustainability of government debt." No specific plan of support for the country, however, has been announced. What angered the Prime Minister George Papandreou who believes that "there is no room for indecision and errors", and regrets that European leaders are indulging in "cacophony".

For its part, the executive director of the International Monetary Fund, Christine Lagarde, said she, that the effort of Greece to reduce its budget deficit is still "not enough". The patron of the institution has also sought to reassure over Italy. While the surge in borrowing rates to 10 years in Italy has shown concern on the situation of the country, Christine Lagarde said that "some of the Italian figures are excellent easy pay day loans."She added that "it is clear that Italy is currently facing problems which are essentially driven by the markets." Former Economy Minister further stated that the rating agencies' role "without elaborate. These are singled out: besides the Brussels wants to silence forbade them to assess a country subject to an assistance plan.

The international community "can not save Spain"

But nothing works. Markets are not satisfied and the stock markets tumbling again Tuesday morning. Bank stocks have been particularly affected. In Madrid, the Ibex index lost more than 2%. The Spanish Minister of Economic Affairs, Elena Salgado, said Tuesday he was "not logical" that Spain and Italy are "affected by market volatility," because their economies are "strong and diversified. ""If we are able to transmit the determination that we all, markets should reasonably calm down," she said.

But markets, they do not see things this way: "While the international community can save Greece, Ireland and Portugal, it will not save Spain, too important contributor to the euro area" , said Monday Laurent Geronimi, director of rate management at Swiss Life Private Banking.

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It was twenty years commissions on credit card transactions had not fallen and that the regulator two years campaigning for change that. Following a lengthy litigation, the Competition Authority announced Thursday that French banks got a discount on fees so that they in turn require merchants and consumers for a withdrawal to the distributor or a card payment. This payment remains the most widely used in France and has grown steadily since its introduction, mainly to the detriment of the check.

According to the Competition Authority, which accused the banks to agree to the detriment of consumers, the main interchange fees should drop by 20% to 50%. The agreement will take effect from 1 October and will be valid for four years, with an estimated loss of revenue for banks to 600 million euros a year.

Effect on customers' bills

In detail, the interchange fees for payment, paid by the merchant's bank to the consumer, are expected to decline by 36%. These costs were strongly disputed by the traders, who thought a large majority "penalizing" according to a survey by the Professional Union scale (UPA). The Federation of Enterprises in trade and distribution was also the source of the complaint filed with the Competition Authority no fax cash advance.

More sensitive to the consumer, the fees charged for each withdrawal by the bank's ATM to that of the cardholder to fall by more than 20%. Currently, most institutions charge a euro each withdrawal at another bank in more than a few transactions. Only the Postal Bank currently fails to puncture such fees."The decline of this commission, now passed to the holders of a majority of banks will most likely be a direct down" on consumers' bills, welcomed the Competition Authority in a statement.

Commissions on levies on the Seletti

In this case, the fear of financial penalty penalizing banks convinced the 130 stakeholders to negotiate with the Competition Authority. In September 2010, the institution has indeed sanctioned eleven banks to the tune of 384.9 million euros for imposing fees on abusive transactions by check.

But the sector is regularly singled out by consumer associations to impose unfair tariffs, has not finished accountable.The Competition Authority also announced Thursday that it will address in the coming months to commissions established by other types of credit cards such as Visa or Mastercard, and those imposed for withdrawals.